ASK DEACON MIKE
I recently received a note
from one of our elderly parishioners who has been living with cancer for nearly
four years while the spouse is in “questionable” health. They
wrote: “We do not want to be deprived of food or water, but we do not
wish to be kept alive with a feeding tube or mechanical respiration and we
do not want to be resuscitated. Could you set our minds at ease as to
what is the Catholic thing to do?”
This is a wonderful
question. All of us would benefit from a clearer understanding of what the
Church teaches about these end-of-life issues. I interpret this question
to ask: what is the difference between ordinary means of preserving life
and those extraordinary means that prolong imminent death.
According to an article in AmericanCatholic.org we must be very
clear in our understanding of ordinary and extraordinary means. ORDINARY
MEANS are those medicines and/or treatments that offer reasonable hope of
benefit without excessive expense or pain. EXTRAORDINARY MEANS are those
medicines and/or treatments that do not offer reasonable hope of benefit while
incurring excessive expense or pain. But for any of this to make
sense, we must be clear on the meaning of “hope of benefit”.
Obviously, we are talking
about life, human life. Human life is God’s gift to us to enable us to
participate in His Divine Life. Regardless of the quality of that life, as
long as life exists it is never our option to decide when that life will end.
That is only for God to decide. There is a difference between preserving
life and prolonging imminent death. We must always ask what reasonable
hope for the benefit of life do these measures offer? If life can be
preserved, then they must be employed. If the existence, not just the mere
quality of life can be sustained then we are morally bound to do
so. However, if there is organ failure, cessation of brain function or
some other catastrophic event that causes life to end, then there is no
obligation to prolong a death that is imminent.
Based on these principles,
Catholics are bound to accept all means possible to preserve life as long as
life can benefit. Even though the quality of life may be less that
desirable, life
must be preserved. As Catholics, we believe that God always
works in and through us. As long as there is hope we cannot deprive God of
His desire to be the source of our life. If there is no hope of sustaining
life then extraordinary treatment may be withheld if the person or their
family in consultation with their doctors so desire.
I know that these are
difficult issues. Emotions, suffering and financial burden are all
important concerns. Quite often families are split in their options when
facing these challenging issues. We all remember the controversy
concerning Terri Schiavo a few years ago. According to the teachings of
the Church it was wrong to deprive her of nutrition and hydration. While
the quality of her life was minimal, she still possessed life. She was not
in imminent danger of death. Her condition did not kill her. Certainly she
was not able to sustain herself. But the denial of food and water deprived
her of the basic needs for life.
To do that was wrong.
I know that regardless of
what I write here, the debate will go on. I hope this has brought at least
some clarity to the issue. Please continue sending your
questions. You can reach me by going to our parish website, www.spnparish.org
and clicking on the ASK DEACON MIKE link. You can also send me an e-mail
direct at deaconcmikefranks@comcast.net or you can drop an
anonymous note in the collection basket or mail it to the parish office.
God bless you and I love you all!